Climbing the Florence Duomo: Key Tips for Brunelleschi’s Dome

Rising above the rooftops of Florence, the Brunelleschi Dome crowns the Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral, serving as the city’s instantly recognizable icon.

More than 500 years later, Filippo Brunelleschi, the architect of the Dome (and its enduring namesake), still holds the record for creating the world’s largest masonry dome. I’m always impressed when something built hundreds of years ago retains its superlative status even in the modern age — and this is a structure that has stood the test of time.

And in general, while I usually don’t recommend climbing a city’s most recognizable building for its views (my logic being that if you’re on it, you don’t get a good view of it!), the Brunelleschi Dome is a unique exception.

Not only is it fascinating to see the interior of how this vast dome manages to stand the test of time, but it’s also home to some of the most spectacular frescoes of the Renaissance: 3,600 square meters of them, in fact!  

When you climb the Brunelleschi Dome, you get to have several unique experiences all at once: 1) being inside such a historic and architecturally distinctive building, 2) seeing these beautiful frescoes up close (almost at eye level!), and 3) of course, seeing the gorgeous views of Florence once you finally reach the top of the dome.

All of these unique factors combined make climbing the Brunelleschi Dome worth even though it’s quite an effort in terms of planning and effort exerted to get there… those 436 steps won’t climb themselves. And Brunelleschi may have been ahead of his time, but he didn’t invent elevators!

Unique Facts About Brunelleschi Dome

You would assume that the person who managed to build what is still today the world’s largest masonry dome would be some sort of expert in architecture or engineering, with decades of experience… but actually, that’s not at all the case!

In fact, prior to applying to the contest to build the dome, Filippo Brunelleschi was no more than a goldsmith and sculptor. But when the Florentine government held a contest to design the dome — one with interesting constraints, such as its massive size yet no ability to use flying buttresses or centering supports  — he was intrigued and proposed a plan, eventually winning the proposal in 1418.

The construction of the dome began in 1420 and wouldn’t be completed until 1436, and it used many interesting innovations, like building two domes (nesting-style, like matryoshka dolls) and self-reinforcing herringbone-style masonry.

This fascinating article explores how Brunelleschi managed to build his record-breaking dome — and he’s quite a character, equal parts paranoid and genius, so it makes a fun read.

Tips For the Brunelleschi Dome Climb

There are only 125 tickets for each 45-minute time slot.

To visit the Brunelleschi Dome and climb to its top, you need to book a 45-minute time slot. But here’s the catch: each time slot only has 125 tickets available, and they often sell out!

The first time slot of the day runs between 8:15 AM to 9 AM and the last time slot of the day is from 6:45 PM to 7:30 PM.

This means you have to book your tickets quite a bit in advance… but it also means that it won’t be that crowded, which you will be grateful for when you are halfway up a super-steep spiral staircase!

Tip: Depending on what season you’re visiting, consider the time of sunset and whether you’d rather see Florence in the daylight or catch the sunset from the top of the Dome. Keep in mind that your visit is limited to 45 minutes, and the time slots are strictly enforced, so you won’t have the chance to watch the transition from day to night.

Tickets are cheapest on the official website.

Depending on when you’re reading this guide, you may have the option to book the tickets on the official website for the Florence Duomo. If it’s not too late — do it! You can find the official website here.

This way, you can get tickets to the dome climb (as well as all the other sites of the Florence Duomo) for just €30 for adults. The price is lowered to  €12 for kids age 7-14 and tickets are free for children 6 and under.

But be aware that tickets sell out two or even four weeks in advance, especially for the most desirable time slots. For example, When I wrote this post, I was looking on April 29th, but I couldn’t find a single time slot open until May 14th, at the very end of the day when Florence would be shrouded in darkness.

Even when I looked for a month out, there are full time slots that are already sold out, and May isn’t even quite the peak of peak season!

Navigating the official website can be confusing.

While I do recommend buying tickets on the official website if you want to save money, I will admit that it’s a little confusing, and I ended up not booking tickets on the official website but instead through a third-party, even though it was a little more expensive.

But in case that you are reading this with plenty of advance notice to plan, let me explain how to navigate it in a few steps, with some photos to help. This will help you save money, though if you want to skip the hassle and just use a third-party vendor like I did, this is the one I recommend.

Note that these steps are listed for use on a desktop. It may look a little different on mobile.

1. Click “Tickets’ 
2. Scroll down a bit and look to the right side where it says “Brunelleschi Pass first availability.” If the date listed is before your trip to Florence, continue. Otherwise, skip to the next part of the article where I tell you about the other options.
3. If there are options, then click “View Details” under the “Brunelleschi Pass” section to have the time slots available pop up.
4. In the “Buy Products” section of the page, first, select the date you want to climb the dome.
5. Next, click the “+” sign to add the people in your party. For example, if your family of four is visiting, you might click 2 adults, one reduced price entry, and one child ticket.
6. Look at the booking options that now pop up. If it is a navy blue and has a number larger than the number of people in your party, you can book it. If the slot is grayed out, that time slot is not bookable.

There are other options if tickets sell out!

OK, so you can’t go back in time and book your tickets if it’s too late. But you can do the next best thing and book tickets via a third party such as Get Your Guide, Viator, or Tiqets (while I’ve had good experiences with all three companies, I personally always choose Get Your Guide when it’s an option, because I like their interface and availability the best).

Why is there availability here when the website is out of tickets? These companies buy additional tickets for last-minute sale at a markup. These are legitimate tickets and they are guaranteed — you will pay extra, but you definitely won’t be getting scammed.

I would never trust buying tickets off someone in person around the Duomo — this would almost certainly be a scam!! Avoid doing this at all costs.

Note that these companies will usually only have a few time slots, but it’s better than nothing. Here are a few options, starting with the cheapest I could find:

• Brunelleschi Dome Ticket with Audioguide via Get Your Guide (starting at $47.50 USD)
• Skip the Line Tickets via Tiqets (starting at $49 USD)

I do recommend trying to book via the official website first since it’s cheaper (starting at €30, about $32 USD at time of writing). But it’s nice to know that you can use either of the links above to try to find a last-minute ticket if the official website is sold out for your dates.

When I looked at both of these options at the end of April when I first wrote this post, I could find tickets available within the next 48 hours. Note that you may need to book with a little more advance timing in the summer months!

Be prepared for your time slot.

When booking your ticket, the Duomo advises you that you must be at the entrance spot right on time, and they say that they will not honor entries that are more than 5 minutes past the time slot. They mean this!!

Make sure that you are in line a few minutes before your time slot opens. Don’t worry, as long as you are in the line at this time, you will get in. It takes them a little while to check everyone’s ticket and have them go through security, but you’ll still be considered on time.

My advice is to scout out your entrance area beforehand and make sure you understand where you need to be lining up. You don’t want to be racing around at the last minute trying to find the entrance and risk losing your time slot that you paid good money for (and planned in advance for)!

Check any oversize bags (and backpacks of any size).

Speaking of being prepared for your time slot, you’ll also want to ensure you don’t have any backpacks or medium to large bags. You can read the exact specifics here.

Handbags larger than the specified range (35cm x 30cm x 15cm — when in doubt, assume it’s oversized) need to be checked, as well as backpacks of any size. This service is free — or rather, this service included with the ticket price.

Since you’re visiting the Dome, you’ll need to use the Large Cloakroom, located at Piazza Duomo no. 38/red.

Personally, I left everything behind at my hotel and just carried my camera around my neck and kept my important belongings in my inside coat pocket, since I was visiting in the colder months and had large, roomy pockets to avail myself of.

Another word of warning: be aware that Florence is a pickpocket mecca, so I’d caution against backpacks in general, unless you specifically choose an anti-theft bag like my beloved and trusty Pacsafe backpack which has interlocking zippers and other anti-theft features.

Be sure to dress appropriately!

By this, I mean having both the proper footwear and clothing for a challenging climb — as well as also being covered enough that you won’t be turned away from the church.

While Italy is not a conservative country, it does take the clothing you can wear in a church quite seriously. Your chest, shoulders, and knees must be covered to do the dome climb since it is inside a cathedral, after all!

For women visiting in summer, I would suggest a breathable T-shirt that isn’t too revealing and linen pants. If you are going to go with a dress or skirt, I would suggest a midi skirt length. A maxi skirt would be a little difficult to walk up all those stairs in.

For men, you have to also have your knees covered, so I would opt for some breathable trousers and a T-shirt. Men, don’t assume that the dress code doesn’t apply to you too!

Be aware of changes due to construction.

When I visited the Brunelleschi Dome, I used the usual entrance, the Porta della Mandorla. 

However, when writing this post, I noticed that — in typical Italian fashion — they squeezed in a tiny note about a change that is very easy to miss. This entrance was closed for an entire month between May 6 and June 6, 2024.

The construction issue has now been fixed, and the entrance is back to normal. However, there is a new change: from February 10 to 14, 2025, access to the Dome will be completely closed.

However, as with all things Italy, this may or may not be the actual timeframe. It may take longer, so be sure to check the official website for details. And a new change will likely be on the agenda in the future — these old buildings don’t keep themselves up, after all.

You can find all the details about entry if you follow the steps above as if you were going to book tickets. Look in the “Useful Info” section and look for the “NB” sections at the bottom.

Climb conditions can be challenging, especially in summer months.

The dome climb involves 463 steps — the equivalent of climbing more than 40 stories. Yes, it’s a lot, and you will feel tired!

For those who are claustrophobic, take note: the steps are also quite narrow and there are not a lot of places to stop and rest. You will definitely feel the pressure to keep it moving. There is a spot about halfway up where you can stop and catch your breath, which you will definitely be grateful for.

Also, note that if you are visiting in the summer, there is no air conditioning and due to the lack of windows, there’s not much in the way of airflow in the staircase. I was definitely glad to have visited in a cold month!

Additionally, since heat rises, it can be quite hot once you finally arrive at the Dome when you are able to leave the staircase and admire the frescoes. Hydrating while you’re active only does so much, so it’s even better to be well-hydrated before you do the dome climb!

If you’re visiting in the summer, I recommend booking the earliest possible time slot. The heat will have dissipated a little bit from the cooler night temperatures, and this will be the most comfortable time to climb the Duomo.

Make sure to take in the beauty of the frescos.

The reason why the Brunelleschi dome is so special is its marvelous fresco of the Last Judgment, painted by two Renaissance masters, Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari, who took over when Vasari passed away before the work could be finished.

There are lots of viewpoints all over the world, and I’ve been to many of them, from all of New York’s five epic observation towers to the Burj Khalifa to the Taipei 101. But to my knowledge, there’s not a single viewpoint in the world that brings you up-close-and-personal with spectacular frescoes as well as offering you an epic city view!

While you can get similar (and arguably, possibly, better) views of Florence from the nearby Giotto’s Belltower, the fact that you get to see these beautiful frescoes up close and personal is what makes this a must-do Florence activity.

There will be people behind you trying to continue up to the viewpoint. Don’t hold up the line unnecessarily and let people pass if needed, but also, don’t rush yourself from seeing these beautiful frescoes.

They are comparable to the Sistine Chapel’s, in my opinion, and these frescoes deserves time to be appreciated, not rushed through.

All the other Duomo sites are included on your ticket.

No matter how you book the ticket, whether it’s through the official website or through a third party reseller, it includes all the same sites — which is to say, all of them!

You’ll need to book a time slot for your Brunelleschi Dome visit, but the other sites included with your pass can be visited at any time during the pass’s validity. You can start exploring them on the same day as your Dome visit and have the next two days (for a total of 3 days) to use the pass.

Besides the cathedral, which is free to visit (but requires waiting in a long line), the other sites included on the ticket are:

• Giotto’s Bell Tower: This is another viewpoint, requiring you to climb another 414 steps (no elevator). It’s lower than the height you’ll be at when you climb the dome, but you have views of the dome, so it is arguably the better view. However, I still think seeing the fresco paintings up close like you get to makes this a better overall experience. 

• Baptistery: A separate octagonal building near the entry to the Cathedral. However, the mosaics are undergoing a restoration process so it’s not the most beautiful site as of now. There’s no announced date for the end of the restorations.

• Opera del Duomo Museum: A museum containing works from the Duomo and other religious artifacts and art, including some beautiful marble sculptures, altarpieces, and more. It’s definitely worth at least an hour of exploration. Note that this museum is closed on the first Tuesday of the month.

• Santa Reparata: Underneath the ground floor of the Duomo, you can see the archeological ruins of the original basilica atop which the Duomo was built. It dates back to the 5th century, but it was demolished for the cathedral back in 1379. It was excavated between 1965 to 1973, and it’s in remarkable condition! Fun fact: you can find the tomb of Brunelleschi, the architect of the dome you climbed, here.

You can skip the lines for the cathedral by entering at the Santa Reparata entrance.

If you have the Brunelleschi pass, here’s a super helpful insider tip — you can skip the massive lines for the Florence Cathedral just by following this advice!!

Find the specific Santa Reparata entrance, which is located next to the Giotto’s Bell Tower. There will be a sign for Santa Reparata, and someone at the door checking people’s tickets.

This way, you can skip the line that snakes all the way along the edge of the Duomo during its opening hours. Simply visit the Santa Reparata site and then exit into the cathedral, which you can enjoy without waiting in a massive line. Win-win: you get to see a cool archaeological site and skip an annoying line!

Allison Green

Allison Green is a former teacher who has been travel blogging since 2016, visiting 75+ countries in total. She has a Masters in Teaching and a B.A. in English and Creative Writing. As a former educator, she merges her writing and educational experience to encourage ethical, sustainable travel. She has been a speaker at the World Travel Writers Conference and TBEX. Her writing, photography, and podcasting work has appeared in National Geographic, CNN Arabic, CBC Canada, and Forbes, amongst others. When she’s not on the road, she lives in Bangkok, Thailand.